Perspectiva ética de la priorización de vacunación contra el COVID-19 en Chile

Resumen

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had an important health and economic impact on the world. Vaccines can contribute to the control of the pandemic. They were approved for emergency use in the United States, Europe, as well as in Chile, however, they will not be immediately available, creating the need to prioritize vaccine distribution. The World Health Organization (WHO) and other international agencies established ethical frameworks to guide COVID-19 vaccine distribution globally. In Chile, the Advisory Council on Vaccines and Immunizations and the COVID-19 Advisory Council of the Ministry of Health recommended the groups to prioritize vaccination, based on the available evidence, but stating that this information could change over time. In this article, we propose a reference framework of ethical principles and values to support the decision-making of prioritization and distribution of vaccines in Chile. We propose three timeless values: maximizing benefits, prioritizing the most vulnerable, reciprocity, and the bioethical principles of justice and transparency. This reference framework contributes to the vaccination plan communication, decision-making by authorities and supports a value framework for prioritization strategies. With an explicit value framework, we can expect better communication or priorities, a greater acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination plan by the community and an increased vaccination coverage to protect the population.